# pnpm-workspace.yaml
packages:
  - "apps/*"
  - "packages/*"
  - "tooling/*"

# .npmrc (pnpm の動作設定)
# 厳密な依存解決 (phantom dependencies 防止)
strict-peer-dependencies=false
# ホイスティング制御
shamefully-hoist=false
# ロックファイルの自動更新を防止
frozen-lockfile=false
# リンクプロトコル
link-workspace-packages=true
# パッケージインポート方式 (hardlink が最速)
package-import-method=hardlink
# 並列インストール数
network-concurrency=16

// ルート package.json
{
  "name": "my-monorepo",
  "private": true,
  "packageManager": "pnpm@9.1.0",
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=20.0.0",
    "pnpm": ">=9.0.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "turbo dev",
    "build": "turbo build",
    "lint": "turbo lint",
    "test": "turbo test",
    "clean": "turbo clean",
    "typecheck": "turbo typecheck",
    "format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{ts,tsx,md,json}\"",
    "format:check": "prettier --check \"**/*.{ts,tsx,md,json}\"",
    "db:migrate": "pnpm --filter @repo/database migrate",
    "db:seed": "pnpm --filter @repo/database seed",
    "changeset": "changeset",
    "version-packages": "changeset version",
    "release": "turbo build --filter='./packages/*' && changeset publish"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "turbo": "^2.0.0",
    "prettier": "^3.2.0",
    "@changesets/cli": "^2.27.0"
  }
}

// packages/types/package.json
{
  "name": "@repo/types",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "types": "./src/index.ts",
      "default": "./src/index.ts"
    },
    "./api": {
      "types": "./src/api.ts",
      "default": "./src/api.ts"
    },
    "./database": {
      "types": "./src/database.ts",
      "default": "./src/database.ts"
    }
  },
  "scripts": {
    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
    "lint": "eslint ."
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "^5.4.0"
  }
}
 
// packages/ui/package.json
{
  "name": "@repo/ui",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "exports": {
    ".": "./src/index.ts",
    "./button": "./src/components/Button.tsx",
    "./input": "./src/components/Input.tsx",
    "./modal": "./src/components/Modal.tsx"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts",
    "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts --watch",
    "lint": "eslint .",
    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@repo/types": "workspace:*",
    "@repo/utils": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "tsup": "^8.0.0",
    "typescript": "^5.4.0"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "react": "^18.3.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.3.0"
  }
}
 
// packages/utils/package.json
{
  "name": "@repo/utils",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "exports": {
    ".": "./src/index.ts",
    "./date": "./src/date.ts",
    "./format": "./src/format.ts",
    "./validate": "./src/validate.ts"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@repo/types": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "^5.4.0"
  }
}
 
// apps/web/package.json
{
  "name": "@repo/web",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "next dev --port 3000",
    "build": "next build",
    "start": "next start",
    "lint": "next lint",
    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@repo/ui": "workspace:*",
    "@repo/utils": "workspace:*",
    "@repo/types": "workspace:*",
    "@repo/auth": "workspace:*",
    "next": "^14.2.0",
    "react": "^18.3.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.3.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@repo/config": "workspace:*",
    "typescript": "^5.4.0"
  }
}

# ─── 全パッケージに依存追加 (ルート) ───
pnpm add -Dw turbo prettier
 
# ─── 特定パッケージに依存追加 ───
pnpm --filter @repo/web add next
pnpm --filter @repo/api add express
pnpm --filter @repo/ui add -D tsup
 
# ─── フィルタ実行 ───
pnpm --filter @repo/web dev           # web のみ dev
pnpm --filter "./apps/*" build        # apps 配下全て build
pnpm --filter @repo/ui... build       # ui とその依存先を build
pnpm --filter ...@repo/web build      # web の依存元を全て build
pnpm --filter "@repo/*" lint          # 全 @repo スコープ lint
 
# ─── 変更されたパッケージのみ ───
pnpm --filter "...[origin/main]" build  # main から変更されたパッケージ
 
# ─── 全パッケージ操作 ───
pnpm -r exec -- rm -rf node_modules dist .next  # 全クリーン
pnpm install                                     # 再インストール
pnpm -r list --depth 0                           # 全パッケージの依存一覧
 
# ─── ワークスペース情報 ───
pnpm ls -r --json                     # 全パッケージ情報 (JSON)
pnpm why react                        # react がどこで使われているか

# Corepack の有効化
corepack enable
 
# パッケージマネージャーバージョンを固定
corepack use pnpm@9.1.0
 
# これにより package.json に以下が追加される:
# "packageManager": "pnpm@9.1.0"
 
# 異なるバージョンの pnpm で install しようとするとエラー:
# This project is configured to use pnpm@9.1.0.
# Please install the correct version.

// .node-version (Node.js バージョン固定)
// fnm / nvm / volta が参照する
// 20.12.0

// turbo.json
{
  "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
  "globalDependencies": [
    "**/.env.*local",
    ".env"
  ],
  "globalEnv": [
    "CI",
    "NODE_ENV"
  ],
  "tasks": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["src/**", "tsconfig.json", "package.json"],
      "outputs": ["dist/**", ".next/**", "build/**"],
      "env": ["NODE_ENV", "NEXT_PUBLIC_*"]
    },
    "dev": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "persistent": true,
      "cache": false
    },
    "lint": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["src/**", "eslint.config.*", "biome.json"],
      "outputs": []
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["src/**", "tests/**", "vitest.config.*", "__tests__/**"],
      "outputs": ["coverage/**"],
      "env": ["DATABASE_URL", "TEST_DATABASE_URL"]
    },
    "test:watch": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "persistent": true,
      "cache": false
    },
    "clean": {
      "cache": false
    },
    "typecheck": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["src/**", "tsconfig.json", "tsconfig.*.json"],
      "outputs": []
    },
    "db:migrate": {
      "cache": false,
      "env": ["DATABASE_URL"]
    },
    "db:seed": {
      "cache": false,
      "dependsOn": ["db:migrate"]
    }
  }
}

# Vercel リモートキャッシュ (無料)
npx turbo login
npx turbo link
 
# 自前のキャッシュサーバー (ducktape, turborepo-remote-cache)
# turbo.json に追加:
# {
#   "remoteCache": {
#     "signature": true,
#     "enabled": true
#   }
# }
 
# 環境変数で設定
export TURBO_TOKEN=your-token
export TURBO_TEAM=your-team
export TURBO_API=https://your-cache-server.example.com

# ─── タスクグラフの可視化 ───
turbo build --graph              # タスク依存グラフを生成
turbo build --graph=graph.svg    # SVG で出力
turbo build --graph=graph.html   # HTML で出力
 
# ─── ドライラン (何が実行されるか確認) ───
turbo build --dry-run
turbo build --dry-run=json       # JSON で出力
 
# ─── フィルタリング ───
turbo build --filter=@repo/web                # 特定パッケージ
turbo build --filter=@repo/web...             # web とその依存
turbo build --filter=...@repo/web             # web を依存するパッケージ
turbo build --filter="[HEAD~1]"               # 直前のコミットから変更されたもの
turbo build --filter="[origin/main...HEAD]"   # main から変更されたもの
 
# ─── 並列度の制御 ───
turbo build --concurrency=50%    # CPU の半分を使用
turbo build --concurrency=4      # 最大4並列
turbo build --concurrency=1      # 逐次実行 (デバッグ用)
 
# ─── キャッシュ操作 ───
turbo build --force              # キャッシュを無視して再ビルド
turbo build --no-cache           # キャッシュに保存しない
turbo prune --scope=@repo/web    # web のみのスリムモノレポを生成

# Docker ビルド時に不要なパッケージを除外
turbo prune --scope=@repo/web --docker
 
# 以下の構造が out/ に生成される:
# out/
# ├── json/                    # package.json のみ (依存解決用)
# │   ├── package.json
# │   ├── apps/web/package.json
# │   ├── packages/ui/package.json
# │   └── packages/types/package.json
# ├── full/                    # ソースコード含む完全版
# │   ├── apps/web/
# │   ├── packages/ui/
# │   └── packages/types/
# ├── pnpm-lock.yaml          # 必要な依存のみのロックファイル
# └── pnpm-workspace.yaml

# Dockerfile (turbo prune と組み合わせ)
FROM node:20-slim AS base
RUN corepack enable
 
# Step 1: prune で必要なパッケージのみ抽出
FROM base AS pruner
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN turbo prune --scope=@repo/web --docker
 
# Step 2: 依存インストール (package.json のみコピーでキャッシュ活用)
FROM base AS installer
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=pruner /app/out/json/ .
COPY --from=pruner /app/out/pnpm-lock.yaml ./pnpm-lock.yaml
COPY --from=pruner /app/out/pnpm-workspace.yaml ./pnpm-workspace.yaml
RUN pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
# Step 3: ビルド
FROM base AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=installer /app/ .
COPY --from=pruner /app/out/full/ .
RUN turbo build --filter=@repo/web
 
# Step 4: 本番イメージ
FROM node:20-slim AS runner
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/apps/web/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder /app/apps/web/.next/static ./apps/web/.next/static
COPY --from=builder /app/apps/web/public ./apps/web/public
CMD ["node", "apps/web/server.js"]

# ─── 新規モノレポ作成 ───
npx create-nx-workspace@latest my-monorepo
# → パッケージマネージャー選択: pnpm
# → タイプ選択: integrated / package-based
 
# ─── 既存リポジトリに追加 ───
npx nx@latest init

// nx.json
{
  "$schema": "https://nx.dev/reference/nx-json",
  "targetDefaults": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["production", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "test": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "lint": {
      "inputs": ["default", "{workspaceRoot}/.eslintrc.json"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "e2e": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    }
  },
  "namedInputs": {
    "default": ["{projectRoot}/**/*", "sharedGlobals"],
    "production": [
      "default",
      "!{projectRoot}/**/*.spec.*",
      "!{projectRoot}/**/*.test.*",
      "!{projectRoot}/test/**/*",
      "!{projectRoot}/.eslintrc.json"
    ],
    "sharedGlobals": [
      "{workspaceRoot}/tsconfig.base.json",
      "{workspaceRoot}/.eslintrc.json"
    ]
  },
  "defaultBase": "main",
  "plugins": [
    "@nx/next/plugin",
    "@nx/eslint/plugin",
    "@nx/vite/plugin"
  ]
}

# ─── 影響範囲分析 (affected) ───
# main ブランチから変更されたパッケージのみビルド・テスト
nx affected -t build
nx affected -t test
nx affected -t lint
 
# ─── 依存グラフの可視化 ───
nx graph                         # ブラウザでインタラクティブ表示
nx graph --file=graph.json       # JSON で出力
nx affected:graph                # 変更の影響範囲をハイライト
 
# ─── コード生成 (Generator) ───
nx generate @nx/react:component Button --project=ui
nx generate @nx/next:page about --project=web
nx generate @nx/node:application api
 
# ─── マイグレーション ───
nx migrate latest                # 依存の自動アップデート
nx migrate --run-migrations      # マイグレーションスクリプト実行
 
# ─── タスク実行 ───
nx run web:build                 # 単一タスク
nx run-many -t build test lint   # 複数タスクを全プロジェクトで
nx run-many -t build --projects=web,api  # 指定プロジェクトのみ

# Nx Cloud の接続
npx nx connect-to-nx-cloud
 
# CI での利用
# nx.json に自動追加:
# "nxCloud": "access-token-here"
 
# 分散タスク実行 (DTE)
# CI で複数マシンにタスクを分散
# - Agent マシンがタスクを受け取って実行
# - 結果をキャッシュに保存
# - メインマシンが結果を集約

// packages/config/tsconfig/base.json
{
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/tsconfig",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "strict": true,
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
    "noImplicitOverride": true,
    "exactOptionalPropertyTypes": false,
    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true
  }
}
 
// packages/config/tsconfig/react.json
{
  "extends": "./base.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "jsx": "react-jsx",
    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler"
  }
}
 
// packages/config/tsconfig/nextjs.json
{
  "extends": "./react.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "plugins": [{ "name": "next" }],
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "allowJs": true,
    "incremental": true
  }
}
 
// packages/config/tsconfig/node.json
{
  "extends": "./base.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./src",
    "lib": ["ES2022"]
  }
}
 
// apps/web/tsconfig.json (利用側)
{
  "extends": "@repo/config/tsconfig/nextjs.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "paths": {
      "@/*": ["./src/*"]
    }
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*", "next-env.d.ts", ".next/types/**/*.ts"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}

// packages/config/eslint/base.js
import js from "@eslint/js";
import tseslint from "typescript-eslint";
import importPlugin from "eslint-plugin-import";
 
export default [
  js.configs.recommended,
  ...tseslint.configs.recommended,
  {
    plugins: {
      import: importPlugin,
    },
    rules: {
      // ─── 型安全性 ───
      "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": ["error", {
        argsIgnorePattern: "^_",
        varsIgnorePattern: "^_",
        destructuredArrayIgnorePattern: "^_",
      }],
      "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "error",
      "@typescript-eslint/prefer-as-const": "error",
      "@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion": "warn",
 
      // ─── インポート順序 ───
      "import/order": ["error", {
        "groups": [
          "builtin",
          "external",
          "internal",
          ["parent", "sibling", "index"],
        ],
        "newlines-between": "always",
        "alphabetize": { "order": "asc" },
      }],
      "import/no-duplicates": "error",
 
      // ─── コード品質 ───
      "no-console": ["warn", { allow: ["warn", "error"] }],
      "prefer-const": "error",
      "no-var": "error",
      "eqeqeq": ["error", "always"],
    },
  },
];
 
// packages/config/eslint/react.js
import reactPlugin from "eslint-plugin-react";
import reactHooksPlugin from "eslint-plugin-react-hooks";
import jsxA11y from "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y";
import baseConfig from "./base.js";
 
export default [
  ...baseConfig,
  {
    plugins: {
      react: reactPlugin,
      "react-hooks": reactHooksPlugin,
      "jsx-a11y": jsxA11y,
    },
    rules: {
      "react/prop-types": "off",
      "react/react-in-jsx-scope": "off",
      "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks": "error",
      "react-hooks/exhaustive-deps": "warn",
      "jsx-a11y/alt-text": "error",
      "jsx-a11y/anchor-is-valid": "error",
    },
    settings: {
      react: { version: "detect" },
    },
  },
];
 
// packages/config/eslint/next.js
import nextPlugin from "@next/eslint-plugin-next";
import reactConfig from "./react.js";
 
export default [
  ...reactConfig,
  {
    plugins: { "@next/next": nextPlugin },
    rules: {
      ...nextPlugin.configs.recommended.rules,
      ...nextPlugin.configs["core-web-vitals"].rules,
    },
  },
];
 
// apps/web/eslint.config.js (利用側)
import nextConfig from "@repo/config/eslint/next.js";
 
export default [
  ...nextConfig,
  {
    ignores: [".next/", "dist/"],
  },
];

// packages/config/tailwind/base.js
/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
export default {
  content: [],
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        brand: {
          50: "#eff6ff",
          100: "#dbeafe",
          500: "#3b82f6",
          600: "#2563eb",
          700: "#1d4ed8",
          900: "#1e3a5f",
        },
      },
      fontFamily: {
        sans: ["Inter", "sans-serif"],
        mono: ["JetBrains Mono", "monospace"],
      },
      borderRadius: {
        DEFAULT: "0.5rem",
      },
    },
  },
  plugins: [],
};
 
// apps/web/tailwind.config.js
import baseConfig from "@repo/config/tailwind/base.js";
 
/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
export default {
  ...baseConfig,
  content: [
    "./src/**/*.{ts,tsx}",
    "../../packages/ui/src/**/*.{ts,tsx}",
  ],
};

// packages/config/prettier/index.json
{
  "semi": true,
  "singleQuote": true,
  "trailingComma": "all",
  "printWidth": 80,
  "tabWidth": 2,
  "useTabs": false,
  "bracketSpacing": true,
  "arrowParens": "always",
  "endOfLine": "lf",
  "plugins": ["prettier-plugin-tailwindcss"]
}
 
// apps/web/.prettierrc (利用側)
// "@repo/config/prettier" を直接参照
// package.json に以下を追加:
// "prettier": "@repo/config/prettier"

# セットアップ
pnpm add -Dw @changesets/cli
pnpm changeset init
 
# 変更の記録
pnpm changeset
# → パッケージ選択
# → バージョンタイプ選択 (major / minor / patch)
# → 変更内容の記述

# .changeset/config.json
{
  "$schema": "https://unpkg.com/@changesets/config@3.0.0/schema.json",
  "changelog": "@changesets/cli/changelog",
  "commit": false,
  "fixed": [],
  "access": "restricted",
  "baseBranch": "main",
  "updateInternalDependencies": "patch",
  "ignore": ["@repo/web", "@repo/api"]
}

# .github/workflows/release.yml
name: Release
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
 
concurrency: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
 
jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
      packages: write
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
          cache: 'pnpm'
 
      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
      - name: Create Release Pull Request or Publish
        uses: changesets/action@v1
        with:
          publish: pnpm release
          version: pnpm version-packages
          commit: "chore: release packages"
          title: "chore: release packages"
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
 
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 2  # turbo の差分検出に必要
 
      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
          cache: 'pnpm'
 
      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
      # Turborepo リモートキャッシュ
      - name: Build, Lint, Test, Typecheck
        run: pnpm turbo build lint test typecheck
        env:
          TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }}
          TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }}
 
  # PR 時のみ: 変更されたパッケージだけチェック
  affected:
    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
 
      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
          cache: 'pnpm'
 
      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
      - name: Check affected packages
        run: |
          pnpm turbo build --filter="[origin/main...HEAD]" --dry-run=json \
            | jq '.tasks | map(.package) | unique'

# .github/workflows/ci-nx.yml
name: CI (Nx)
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
 
jobs:
  main:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
 
      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version-file: '.node-version'
          cache: 'pnpm'
 
      - run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
      # SHAs の設定 (affected の基準)
      - uses: nrwl/nx-set-shas@v4
 
      # 影響範囲のみビルド・テスト
      - run: npx nx affected -t build test lint typecheck

# 演習1: 基本実装のテンプレート
class Exercise1:
    """基本的な実装パターンの演習"""
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = []
 
    def validate_input(self, value):
        """入力値の検証"""
        if value is None:
            raise ValueError("入力値がNoneです")
        return True
 
    def process(self, value):
        """データ処理のメインロジック"""
        self.validate_input(value)
        self.data.append(value)
        return self.data
 
    def get_results(self):
        """処理結果の取得"""
        return {
            'count': len(self.data),
            'data': self.data
        }
 
# テスト
def test_exercise1():
    ex = Exercise1()
    assert ex.process(1) == [1]
    assert ex.process(2) == [1, 2]
    assert ex.get_results()['count'] == 2
 
    try:
        ex.process(None)
        assert False, "例外が発生するべき"
    except ValueError:
        pass
 
    print("全テスト合格!")
 
test_exercise1()

# 演習2: 応用パターン
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
from datetime import datetime
 
class AdvancedExercise:
    """応用パターンの演習"""
 
    def __init__(self, max_size: int = 100):
        self._items: List[Dict] = []
        self._max_size = max_size
        self._created_at = datetime.now()
 
    def add(self, key: str, value: any) -> bool:
        """アイテムの追加（サイズ制限付き）"""
        if len(self._items) >= self._max_size:
            return False
        self._items.append({
            'key': key,
            'value': value,
            'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
        })
        return True
 
    def find(self, key: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
        """キーによる検索"""
        for item in reversed(self._items):
            if item['key'] == key:
                return item
        return None
 
    def remove(self, key: str) -> bool:
        """キーによる削除"""
        for i, item in enumerate(self._items):
            if item['key'] == key:
                self._items.pop(i)
                return True
        return False
 
    def stats(self) -> Dict:
        """統計情報"""
        return {
            'total_items': len(self._items),
            'max_size': self._max_size,
            'usage_percent': len(self._items) / self._max_size * 100,
            'uptime': str(datetime.now() - self._created_at)
        }
 
# テスト
def test_advanced():
    ex = AdvancedExercise(max_size=3)
    assert ex.add("a", 1) == True
    assert ex.add("b", 2) == True
    assert ex.add("c", 3) == True
    assert ex.add("d", 4) == False  # サイズ制限
    assert ex.find("b")['value'] == 2
    assert ex.remove("b") == True
    assert ex.find("b") is None
    stats = ex.stats()
    assert stats['total_items'] == 2
    print("応用テスト全合格!")
 
test_advanced()

# 演習3: パフォーマンス最適化
import time
from functools import lru_cache
 
# 最適化前（O(n^2)）
def slow_search(data: list, target: int) -> int:
    """非効率な検索"""
    for i in range(len(data)):
        for j in range(i + 1, len(data)):
            if data[i] + data[j] == target:
                return (i, j)
    return (-1, -1)
 
# 最適化後（O(n)）
def fast_search(data: list, target: int) -> tuple:
    """ハッシュマップを使った効率的な検索"""
    seen = {}
    for i, num in enumerate(data):
        complement = target - num
        if complement in seen:
            return (seen[complement], i)
        seen[num] = i
    return (-1, -1)
 
# ベンチマーク
def benchmark():
    import random
    data = list(range(5000))
    random.shuffle(data)
    target = data[100] + data[4000]
 
    start = time.time()
    result1 = slow_search(data, target)
    slow_time = time.time() - start
 
    start = time.time()
    result2 = fast_search(data, target)
    fast_time = time.time() - start
 
    print(f"非効率版: {slow_time:.4f}秒")
    print(f"効率版:   {fast_time:.6f}秒")
    print(f"高速化率: {slow_time/fast_time:.0f}倍")
 
benchmark()

# sparse-checkout の例
git clone --filter=blob:none --sparse https://github.com/org/monorepo.git
cd monorepo
git sparse-checkout set apps/web packages/ui packages/types